虚拟语气(Subjunctive mood)
虚拟语气困扰了我很久,所以决定写篇博客加深下印象,你可能会有这样的疑问,为什么 I wish that I were a rabbit now. 这句话中now表示现在而句子中出现了were,为什么I第一人称后面却加 were,那就带着疑问看下去吧。
学习记录:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Skm12wNLa8
它的作用是来表示:
- 在脑中想象的/现实不可能发生的或者可能性很小的事
- 愿望/建议/命令/要求
在脑中想象的/现实不可能发生的或者可能性很小的事
1. 与现在事实相反(现在式)
- 例:如果我现在看见那只兔子,我会咬它
- if I saw the rabbit now, I would bite it.
这句话表达的是:我现在没有看见兔子,这是我自己在脑中想象的
- 例:如果我是你的话,我会带上雨伞
- if I were you, I would take an umbrella.
这句话中的I were you,为什么是were,I 不应该是第一人称单数,不是应该用was吗?
先说结论,这里的确应该用were,你可以想象成,这句话是我在脑中想象的,所以这时候的“我”就不是第一人称视角了,而是第二人称视角,所以使用were就不奇怪了
这句话表达的是:我根本不可能是你
总结:从句用一般过去式,主句用would + 动词原形
2. 与过去事实相反(过去式)
- 例:如果我昨天就看见兔子的话,我会送它一个胡萝卜
- if I have seen the rabbit yesterday, I would have seed a carrot to it.
这句话表达的是:我昨天并没有看见兔子,所以我并没有送给它胡萝卜
总结:从句用过去完成时,主句用would have + 过去分词
3. 与将来事实相反(将来式)
- 例:如果我明天看见兔子的话,我就邀请它吃晚饭
- if I should see the rabbit tomorrow, I would invite it for dinner.
这句话表达的是:如果明天看见兔子,我就邀请它吃晚饭(不可能)
总结:从句用should + 动词原形,从句用would + 动词原形
愿望/建议/命令/要求
常见的有: wish/suggest/order/demand
1. 愿望(wish)
一般使用wish,而不是hope,虽然两者都有希望的意思,但是wish表示可能性小的事情发生,hope则比较中性
1.对现在的愿望
- 例:我希望我是一只兔子
- I wish that I were a rabbit 这里为什么使用 were 而不是 was 请看上面
- 例:我真的希望节假日能多放几天假
- I really wish that the holidays had a few more days.
总结:主句I wish + (that)可以省略 + 从句过去时, 如果从句中使用be动词,则使用were
2.对过去的愿望
- 例:我希望我吃了那只胡萝卜
- I wish that I had eaten the carrot/I wish that I would have eaten the carrot.
总结:主句I wish + (that)可以省略 + 从句 had done/would have 过去分词
3.对将来的愿望
- 例:我希望我能吃那只胡萝卜
- I wish that I could eat the carrot
总结:主句I wish + (that)可以省略 + 从句 could/should/would/might 动词原形
2.would rather(宁愿)
1.现在
- 例:我宁愿你不会吃那只胡萝卜
- I would rather that you didn't eat the carrot.
这句话表示的是现在,换句话说,我宁愿你现在没有吃那只胡萝卜
2.过去
- 例:我宁愿你没有吃掉那只胡萝卜
- I would rather that you hadn't eaten the carrot.
3.将来
- 例:我宁愿你以后都不要去吃那只胡萝卜
- I would rather that you would not eat the carrot.
3.suggest/order/demand
1.现在
- 例:我要求/建议/命令/坚持你给我一根胡萝卜
- I order/suggest/demand/insist that you (should) give me a carrot.
- 例:我建议你马上去吃饭
- I suggest that you (should) have dinner at once.(宾语从句)
- It is suggested that you (should) have dinner at once.(主句从句)
- The suggestion is that you (should) have dinner at once.(表语从句)
2.过去
- 例:我(之前)要求/建议/命令/坚持你给我一根胡萝卜
- I ordered/suggested/demanded/insisted that you (should) give me a carrot.